Since 1801, when Ireland became part of the United Kingdom, the natives Irish Catholics have kept fighting for independence because they considered the British as illegitimate rulers of their land. Following the Irish War of Independence of 1921, Ireland was separated between the Republic of Ireland, largely Catholic and nationalist, who pushed for independence and obtained it, and Northern Ireland, …

The United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945 with the noble vision of maintaining international peace and security, fostering cooperation, and promoting human rights. Over the decades, it has played a significant role in conflict resolution, humanitarian aid, and global development. However, in the face of modern geopolitical complexities, obstacles to fundamental resolutions, lack of engagement mechanisms for major approved …

Public Diplomacy has been defined as the nation’s ability to influence the international environment through the interaction with nongovernmental individuals and organizations. This involves the creation of long-term relations through cultural and sportive exchanges, as well as daily and strategic communication. More specifically, public diplomacy strategies enter categories such as advocacy, cultural diplomacy, and international broadcasting, widely used by developing …

One sector of the global economy is conspicuously absent from countries’ efforts in developing a plan to halt climate change: the world’s militaries. War and climate change are often discussed as separate crises, but they are deeply interconnected. The military is one of the world’s largest institutional emitters of greenhouse gases, yet its role in global carbon emissions is rarely …

A new contemporary fascism is on the march in the world, different from twentieth-century: the term “eco-fascism” has been introduced to describe a new wave of ecological extremism that risk becoming a reality as we get closer to the climate collapse. New generations are pushing for a radical change, pressuring governments to take actions, but because of their inability to …

The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” has become the center of an intense and often contentious struggle involving Indigenous communities, national governments, and powerful corporations. The Amazon basin reaches nine Latin American countries, spreading for more than half in Brazil, followed by Peru and Colombia. However, globalization has led numerous powerful corporations to take …

In all cycles of wars, the environment has been so far left behind, turning into a silent victim of armed conflicts, from polluted water and contaminated land to deforestation and poisoned air. It is clear that ecological consequences of war will have a serious negative impact on local population both in the short and in the long term, and that …

Trump took office as US President only three weeks ago and he is already shaking the world. On Wednesday 12th of February, the President announced his role as a mediator in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, affirming his commitment to put an end to the conflict that escalated in 2022 with the Russian full-invasion of Ukraine. Trump’s decision of …

In recent years, many democratic societies have witnessed a sharp decline in trust towards political institutions. Following an OECD survey of 30 countries, only 39% of citizens trust their national governments. This crisis of confidence has become a defining feature of the contemporary political landscape, with citizens expressing increasing dissatisfaction with their governments, political parties, and the systems that support …

In the intricate fabric of South Asian geopolitics, the Katchatheevu Island dispute between India and Sri Lanka stands as a stubborn knot, challenging the principles of cooperative engagement and regional stability, especially amidst the lead-up to India’s impending general elections, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s rekindling of the controversy has ignited substantial discourse and speculation. This strategic maneuver, evidently aimed …