French President Emmanuel Macron’s trip to Africa brings France’s relations with Rwanda to the fore again. Relations between the two countries have always been strained due to the involvement of French troops in the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The genocide in Rwanda took place between the Tutsi and the Hutus. During the genocide almost 800,000 people were lost, mostly members of …

Chinese investments in Africa have been significant over the last few decades, primarily focused on infrastructure, natural resources, and trade. Overall, Chinese investment in Africa has been viewed both positively and negatively, with some experts arguing that it has contributed to African economic development, while others argue that it has led to exploitation and increased dependency. There are several other …

France is one of the countries that have a long history and at the same time a presence on the African continent. The presence of France is observed from the 17th century and it gets even stronger from the 19th to the 20th, where the decolonization of African areas gradually begins. Despite their independence from Paris, several of the countries …

President Biden is hosting African Leaders at the U.S- Africa Leaders Summit in Washington D.C to discuss trade, security, and democracy, eight years after the last one in 2014. Circumstances have drastically changed since 2014 for the U.S. as well as African Nations owing to political crises, climate change and the pandemic. However, Biden’s agenda for reviving the Summit have …

The Sahelian country Chad, located in central northern Africa, has been in constant instability and conflict since its independence from France in 1960. The country is dealing with both internal and external challenges, usually interconnected. In addition to the power struggles and other internal rivalries that Chad is experiencing, it is surrounded by six countries that face severe turbulences. Conflicts …

In January 2011, South Sudanese voted through a referendum for their independence, with a nearly 99 percent vote in favor of secession. The period followed until South Sudan’s formal declaration of independence was difficult. At a time when violence was the norm and not the exception in both Sudan and South Sudan, the attacks along the north-south borders increased after …

Since November 2021, Congolese forces have been battling a resurgence of the M23 rebel group in the North Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Though one of over 100 non-state armed militias currently active in eastern DRC, the recent reemergence of M23 has exacerbated an already dire humanitarian situation and contributed to a rapid deterioration in …

Tigray, Ethiopia, is currently witnessing the worst humanitarian crisis in modern history, and half the world has not even heard about it. The region has been destabilized since November 2020, when the conflict between the Tigray People’s Liberation Front and the Government of Ethiopia began. The ongoing conflict has killed thousands and internally displaced millions of Ethiopians. An estimated 59,000 …

From the very beginning of 2013 international crisis management in Mali two missions saw the light of day : the multidimensional integrated stabilization mission of the United Nations (MINUSMA) and the EU training mission (EUTM). The latter is tasked with training and advising the Malian army to enable it to independently guarantee Mali’s security. By making the presence of foreign …

For the past 5 centuries, European countries have virtually taken on the self-granted mandate over the management and development of Africa, shaping the continent with the colonial legacies that still define many of the observable dynamics nowadays. Recent years, however, have seen the rise of new global players who have made it their task to challenge the existing order by …