The issue of Iran’s nuclear ambitions remains one of the most contentious and complex subjects in international relations. Indeed, it extends beyond technical capabilities or regional goals and touches upon political strategy, national identity, and national security. On one side, there is the recognition of Iran’s sovereign right to pursue nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, as guaranteed under the Non-Proliferation …

In a historic vote, the German Bundestag has lifted constitutional restrictions on defense spending and paved the way for unprecedented military investment. This is a defining moment for the nation, marking a significant shift away from the post-World War II restraint on military spending. At a time of growing geopolitical instability, Germany is positioning itself as a leader in Europe’s …

Climate change, competition for natural resources, and strategic military positioning are the driving force behind the Arctic’s rapid transformation into a major geopolitical battleground. Due to global warming, the ice sheets in the arctic continue to recede, which has made previously inaccessible regions easier to reach and exploit. At the centre of this international development sits Svalbard, an archipelago under …

The recent imposition of extensive import tariffs by the United States, labeled “Liberation Day” tariffs, has marked a decisive turning point in international economic policy with far-reaching implications for global trade as well as diplomatic relations. Imposing a base-rate tariff of 10% on all imported products, as well as much higher tariffs on a chosen portfolio of sectors, marks a …

Due to the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the geopolitical and security landscape of Europe has been transformed drastically. The conflict has been centred around two key aspects with both sides seeking to gain control over security in the Black Sea and the Ukrainian energy infrastructure. In that regard, Russia has used its naval dominance to pressure Ukraine and …

The agricultural sector has emerged as a key issue in the ongoing trade negotiations between the United States and India. India is refusing to buy American corn, which has drawn strong criticism from U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick. The United States has long sought better access to India’s agricultural market. However, India’s steadfast protection of its agricultural sector, citing food …

India’s economic rise has pushed the country to the front stage of the modern international landscape as it has emerged as a major geopolitical player while balancing relationships with both Western powers and BRICS. However, this is proving to be increasingly more challenging and complex due to the current geopolitical climate, which is shaped and influenced by economic and political …

India’s space program has emerged as a formidable force in the global space race, showcasing remarkable progress in recent years as it has evolved into a beacon of innovation and ambition. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has not only demonstrated technological prowess but has also achieved cost-effective innovations that rival some of the most advanced space programs in the …

Russia’s influence in Africa has steadily increased, driven by its foreign policy and economic ambitions. At the forefront of this expansion are mercenaries, notably the Wagner Group, whose operations have reshaped the dynamic in the Sahel. However, limits to Russia’s approach are beginning to emerge. Non-state actors such as mercenaries, militias, and armed separatists operate in a legal gray area. …

  It seems like the invasion of Ukraine by Russia has drastically shifted the security dynamics in Eastern Europe and has demonstrated how modern wars will be waged. In particular, the conflict has shown the effectiveness of landmines as a defensive tool in slowing enemy advances. Due to the indiscriminate nature of landmines, 160 countries ratified the Ottawa Convention which …