Russia’s influence in Africa has steadily increased, driven by its foreign policy and economic ambitions. At the forefront of this expansion are mercenaries, notably the Wagner Group, whose operations have reshaped the dynamic in the Sahel. However, limits to Russia’s approach are beginning to emerge. Non-state actors such as mercenaries, militias, and armed separatists operate in a legal gray area. …

  It seems like the invasion of Ukraine by Russia has drastically shifted the security dynamics in Eastern Europe and has demonstrated how modern wars will be waged. In particular, the conflict has shown the effectiveness of landmines as a defensive tool in slowing enemy advances. Due to the indiscriminate nature of landmines, 160 countries ratified the Ottawa Convention which …

The end of World War II brought about the creation of a new international order, a global landscape that was ruled on the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and peaceful dispute resolution. However, current developments and shifts on the international stage are threatening said ideals due to the resurgence of expansionist policies by both global and regional powers. Russia’s annexation …

South Korea has become a major player in the global arms trade and has established itself as a competitive exporter of military technology now ranking among the top 10 global exporters. By leveraging advanced capabilities in defense production and building strategic partnerships, South Korea has steadily expanded its presence in international markets. The war in Ukraine has significantly increased demand …

The evolving partnership between Pakistan and Bangladesh marks a decisive shift in South Asian geopolitics that has an impact on regional instability. The relationship between Pakistan and Bangladesh is marked by the 1971 Liberation War, in which West Pakistan committed genocide against the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Pakistan’s lack of a formal apology for these acts has deepened …

Recent international developments are causing the geopolitical landscape to change drastically and at the centre of this transition lies the economic rivalry between the US and China. However, amid this geopolitical rivalry, Mexico is emerging as a strategic player, particularly with regard to global trade and supply chain realignment. This can most likely be linked to the popularisation of Nearshoring …

The Red Sea, a vital trade route which links Europe, Asia and Africa, has recently been pushed to the forefront of the geopolitical landscape due to increased instability in the region. Houthi rebels have been carrying out attacks on commercial vessels which have raised alarms about regional stability, freedom of navigation, and global trade security. In response, the U.S. and …

Following a hiatus of more than ten years, India and New Zealand want to resume their free trade negotiations – an important moment in their bilateral relations. The talks, which initially stalled in 2010 due to issues such as market access for dairy products, are now to be relaunched. The first round of negotiations is planned for next month. The …

In the last couple of weeks there have been major developments with regards to Germany’s defense policy which indicate a shift in the government’s concerns and priorities. The country is currently undergoing a significant transformation in its doctrine regarding national defense, as evidenced by its aim to move away from its traditionally restrained military stance. The current war between Ukraine …

In recent years Europe’s energy landscape has been fundamentally reshaped by the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine. In particular, it has exposed deep vulnerabilities and has forced policymakers in the EU to rethink their approach to energy security. For decades, the EU and its Member States relied heavily on Russian natural gas, with countries like Germany importing over 50% …