The European Central Bank (ECB) whose role is to maintain euro price stability within the Eurozone and lead European economic and monetary policy, decided to raise its interest rates from 0% to 0,5%, first since 2011, and its deposit rate, applied to cash whose banks don’t distribute as a credit, from -0,5% to 0%. Therefore, the era of negative rates …

Croatia will be the 20th European country to enter the Euro zone as of January 2023, following its application to adopt Euro currency in 2013. While Euro currency has been devalued and reached equal exchange rate with US dollar for the first time since its implementation in 2002, on Tuesday 12 July 2022, the Council of the European Union approved …

From the very beginning of 2013 international crisis management in Mali two missions saw the light of day : the multidimensional integrated stabilization mission of the United Nations (MINUSMA) and the EU training mission (EUTM). The latter is tasked with training and advising the Malian army to enable it to independently guarantee Mali’s security. By making the presence of foreign …

A recession is defined as a dramatic decline in economic activity that lasts months or even years. A recession is declared when economy suffers negative GDP, rising unemployment, declining retail sales, and contracting measures of income and manufacturing over a protracted period of time. The nature and causes of recessions are both obvious and unclear. Recessions are essentially a cluster of …

Belarusian forces are not engaging in the operation in Ukraine, according to President Alexander Lukashenko, since they “have nothing to do there” and “are not summoned there.” Belarus, he said, will not “become engaged” in the Russian-led special operation in Ukraine. He believes that the republic does not need to assist Russia. Lukashenko stated that, as part of the current operation, …

Since the war outbreak, millions of Ukrainians have left their country. Many have lost their homes, family members and friends and now live in Poland, Romania or Germany. No one is imposing time limits on them, understandably. Simultaneously many Russians also left their country. They are people who left after the war began, out of horror at the government, fear …

            Deployed in September 2014, MINUSCA was established at an extremely critical phase of the Central African conflict. On the one hand, the conflict was characterized by inter-communal violence that the military detachments of the African Union Peacekeeping Mission (MISCA) and the French troops of the Sangaris mission were struggling to contain. On the other hand, the transitional government that …

On February 24, 2022, Russia initiated an undeclared war on Ukraine. The US and other nations have criticized Russia’s unprecedented military attack as “unprovoked and unjustifiable.  Members of legislatures, local governments, corporations, and the public in the United States and internationally have backed Ukraine and criticized Russia’s aggression. Hundreds of companies from the United States and other countries have withdrew, halted, or …

There is war in Ukraine and the whole world is talking about it. Meanwhile, Turkey is attacking in northern Iraq without much noise. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is continuing a controversial tradition : the “war on terror” in northern Iraq. Every year in spring,, Erdogan launches his military offensive against the militias of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party, PKK. Officially, …

Sweden and Finland have pursued a policy of neutrality since World War II, refusing to officially join either side in the Cold War, and pursuing foreign and security policies coherent with this posture. After the end of the Cold War, this strict neutrality was already broken, with both countries joining the EU in 1995 and signing various agreements with NATO …