A recession is defined as a dramatic decline in economic activity that lasts months or even years. A recession is declared when economy suffers negative GDP, rising unemployment, declining retail sales, and contracting measures of income and manufacturing over a protracted period of time. The nature and causes of recessions are both obvious and unclear. Recessions are essentially a cluster of …

Considering that Russia is the world’s second-largest producer of natural gas, one of the world’s largest oil-producing nations, and that Ukraine is a crucial transition point of the pipelines that link Russia and Europe, with the military invasion of the Ukrainian territory by the Russian troops, there will be a drastic aftermath on numerous sectors, namely the energy one. Although …

            Since the first car-like mode of transport, namely the Benz Motorwagen from the late 1800s, the world has come a long way in terms of transforming the whole mobility sector into a more sustainable, efficient, and green one. Yearly, more than 15 million new cars are being registered within the EU, with countries such as Luxembourg leading the charts …

Inflation has been a long-term problem for Argentina with ups and downs, especially since the eighties. In 1989 a serious economic, political and social crisis began, with inflation reaching 3000% and street riots. To solve the situation, the country applied the Convertibility Policy, in which the value of the Argentine peso was brought into line with the US dollar. This …

In September 2021, SCO launched officially the procedure to include Iran in its organization. With this new member the SCO is still expanding its territory over Asia, raising the number of inhabitants concerned directly by the organization and under the power of it, and gaining international status adding a democratic country. This diversity can be a powerful asset but also …

From the 1st of January 2022, Ethiopia, Mali and Guinea have been excluded from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). This program provides access to Sub-Saharan African nations to a duty free trade program. They have been excluded due to the fact that they breached a clause concerning human rights protection, good governance and transparency. Human rights, Good Governance …

Today’s international relations are characterised by the multipolarity of actors in the international system, with more and more countries influencing politics, security and economics. Eurasia has become a strategic region due to its economic potential and natural resources, which has led these countries to unite under the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Initially formed in 2001 by China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, …

Despite progress in several areas of regional cooperation, the EU’s enlargement process remains slow. In the last seven years, the only progress was the European Council’s decision in March 2020 to open accession talks with Albania and North Macedonia, but negotiations have not yet started, mainly due to the conditions imposed on Albania and Bulgaria’s veto on North Macedonia. In …

BRICS – the acronym that has been widely circulated among international arena, is relatively a young union that has been formed in the beginning of the 2000s (Larionova and Kirton, 2018). Initially the acronym BRIC referred to the superpowers such as Brazil, Russia, India, China with S being added to the list in 2010 as South Africa joined the union …

ASEAN, or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is an economic union in Southeast Asia made up of ten member states that promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration between its members and other Asian countries. The major goal of ASEAN was to speed economic growth and, as a result, social and cultural development. …